ccording to one of the laws of bioclimatic architecture, and architecture in general, the houses must be built with the best possible exposure to the sun: because it is the main source of alternative energy, but also because Scientific studies have shown that proper and regular exposure to sunlight actually produces beneficial effects on human health. The most common way to exploit the star is properly orient the house with respect to its trajectory. But it is not the only one. Are in fact designed and constructed buildings capable of "chasing" the sun, like sunflowers, searching for the best exposure at any time of day.
SUNFLOWER VILLA / Deco, A FUTURIST
Marcellise (Verona), nestling among the hills, lies Villa Girasole, a bourgeois art deco building, the first house ever built rotating, which can rotate 360 \u200b\u200b° as a function of displacement of the arc of the sun during the day and the seasons, just as the flower from which it takes its name. Truly innovative architecture, at the dawn of sustainability. Designed and built by engineer Angelo Invernizzi between 1929 and 1935, the villa is born from the concept of "machine à habiter" theorized by Le Corbusier in 1923, and the worship of speed and enhanced machine from the future.
Design Villa Girasole is the synthesis of the principles of mechanics applied in trains, ships, planes. It is a two-story building with plan to "L", able to rotate on concentric tracks, backed by trucks and driven by an engine like that of Atlantic. The body of the house, which has a reinforced concrete structure, is completely covered with aluminum foil. The interior ground floor of the dwelling is for rotating to the living rooms, dining room, study and reception, as well as the kitchen. While upstairs are the master bedroom, with terrace and solarium, and those with a bed. The furniture, treated in detail, a mix of rationalism and twentieth-century Italian, were designed and created specifically to be light and not serious about the structure: tables, chairs, tables and toilets in the steel tube and beech plywood, or wood lacquered, alternate or veneered furniture covered with parchment walnut in the Caucasus and Macassar ebony.
rotation and heliotherapy The house could make a complete rotation in nine hours and twenty minutes with a speed of 4 millimeters per second, the presence of terraces heliotherapeutic enabled applications. At the time the light therapy was the main treatment against tuberculosis, rickets and depression: a comparison with an alpine sanatorium was immediate, and in fact the house was then known as the ultra-modern solarium and a medical laboratory Marcellise.
HELIOTROPE / TOWER OF WOOD AND GLASS
The desire to demonstrate that innovative technology, high comfort and environmental protection can be found a concrete synthesis in a home, gave birth in 1992, another rotating building: the Heliotrop (from the greek "sunny"), near the solar neighborhood of Freiburg in Germany.
Heliotrop Design The apartment building is a cylindrical shape, made almost exclusively with modular wood, natural and renewable material, anchored to a central frame which funnels the facilities and spiral staircase. At the base of the central column, an electric motor rotates the house 2 degrees every 10 minutes. The movement allows you to control solar gain, obtaining the maximum possible contribution in terms of space heating and production hot water in winter, avoiding overheating in summer. The large glass area is made up of triple-glazed windows, high insulation, and walls with no windows provide insulation values \u200b\u200beven higher.
Production and distribution of heat The heating system consists of a ceiling radiant strips of copper, which can also be used for summer cooling. The plant will cover the remaining unmet needs from solar thermal, and is powered by solar collectors evacuated tube inserted into the parapets.
Water management Rainwater is collected from the roof, filtered and used to wash dishes and do laundry. The waste water (separate from the fecal waste, which are composted in a plant to dry along with organic waste) are cleaned in a plant for phytoremediation.
energy production on the roof was installed a PV (6.6 kWp) capable of following the sun during the day, getting the maximum producible energy, the inclination is adjusted automatically according to the position of the sun. The plant produces five to six times the electricity consumed in the building. The solar panels also have the function of protecting the terrace from the heat and rain.
Suite Vollard / PLANS SELF
Other building can rotate in search of sun exposure is the best residential building in Suite Vollard in Curitiba, Brazil. It is the first in the world to all floors that rotate 360 \u200b\u200bdegrees independently of each other, and consists of 11 apartments and an Executive Center. Compared to the previous two examples is a major leap in scale and perspective, which paved the way for the development of ambitious projects to build skyscrapers and can change their exposure and to integrate wind turbines and photovoltaic panels, such as the Rotating Tower Dubai United Arab Emirates (www.dynamicarchitecture.net). A building like that optimizes the use sunlight, natural ventilation and direct heating.
In Design Suite Vollard, each apartment (one on each floor from 287 sq m) is characterized by spaces arranged radially around the center of the building, and the perception of the landscape is similar to that of a mobile background. The central part of each home is fixed and is home to the kitchen, bathrooms, a bedroom of the service, laundry.
isolate the building has a curtain or curtain wall, in which the frames are applied to the metal frame rotating ceilings and floors. A closure are employed double glazing, insulation, laminate, 3 mm + 3 mm thick with a gap 10 mm. The windows provide a thermal insulation and energy savings of up to 50%, even with the use of air conditioning and heating. The reduction of sound insulation is estimated between 35 and 50 dB.
rotation and power consumption on each floor. and then each apartment in the Vollard Suite, is equipped with an electric motor that allows rotation in both directions, to complete a full circle just an hour, and the system is programmable. Power consumption is fairly low, to complete a full circle in an apartment must be the equivalent energy needed to take a bath in a tub.
Gianni Terenzi
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